UASB anaerobic reactor

The upflow anaerobic sludge bed is abbreviated as UASB, which is one of the most widely used reactor forms in modern high-efficiency anaerobic treatment processes. Sewage enters from the bottom of the reactor, driven by hydraulic power, and the sludge is in an expanded state in the reactor. After the mixed liquid is fully reacted, it enters the sedimentation zone with extended cross-sectional area. After passing through the three-phase separator, the generated biogas enters the gas gathering system from the upper part, and the sludge returns to the reaction zone by gravity. Sometimes a soft filler is added to the reactor to provide a surface for organisms to attach and grow to increase biomass. Its advantages are simple structure, high load rate, short hydraulic retention time, low energy consumption and no need to set up a sludge return device.

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The anaerobic reaction process in the UASB reactor is the same as other anaerobic biological treatment processes, including hydrolysis, acidification, acetic acid production and methane production. Different microorganisms participate in the conversion process of the substrate to convert the substrate into the final product-biogas, water and other inorganic substances

The anaerobic microorganisms participating in the reaction during the anaerobic digestion reaction mainly include the following:

① Hydrolysis-fermentation (acidification) bacteria, which hydrolyze and ferment complex substrates into various organic acids, ethanol, sugars, hydrogen and carbon dioxide;

②Acetating bacteria, which convert the products of the first step of hydrolysis and fermentation into hydrogen, acetic acid and carbon dioxide;

③Methanogens, which convert simple substrates such as acetic acid, methanol, carbon dioxide, and hydrogen into methane.

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